N. Chandrababu Naidu Biography

Former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, IndiaIn this Telugu name, the person is referred to by their given name, Chandrababu Naidu, and not by their surname, Nara.

In office
1 September 1995:– 13 May 2004Governor

Krishan Kant
Gopala Ramanujam
C. Rangarajan
Surjit Singh Barnala

Cabinet

Naidu I
Naidu II

Preceded byN. T. Rama RaoSucceeded byY. S. Rajasekhara Reddy2nd President of Telugu Desam PartyIn office
1 September 1995:– 29 May 2015Preceded byN. T. Rama RaoSucceeded byPosition abolishedMinister of Revenue, Relief, Rehabilitation, Finance, Planning, Small Savings and Lotteries
Government of Andhra PradeshIn office
12 December 1994:– 1 September 1995GovernorKrishan KantChief MinisterN. T. Rama RaoSucceeded byAshok Ga*athi RajuMinister of Cinematography, Technical Education, Minor irrigation, Diary and Animal Husbandary
Government of Andhra PradeshIn office
1980–1982GovernorK. C. AbrahamChief Minister

T. Anjaiah
Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy

Member of Legislative *embly, Andhra PradeshIn*bent*umed office
1989Preceded byN. Rangaswami NaiduCons*uencyKuppamIn office
1978–1983Preceded byCons*uency establishedSucceeded byMedasani Venkatarma NaiduCons*uencyChandragiriPersonal detailsBornNara Chandrababu Naidu
(1950-04-20) 20 April 1950 (age:73)
Naravaripalle, Madras State, India
(now in Andhra Pradesh, India)Political partyTelugu Desam Party (1983–present)Other political
affiliationsIndian National Congress (1978–1983)SpouseNara Bhuvaneswari (m.:1981)ChildrenNara Lokesh (son)RelativesSee Nandamuri–Nara familyResidence(s)Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAlma materSri Venkateswara UniversityPositions Held

1975–1977: Local Youth President, INC
1978–83: Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative *embly, Chandragiri cons*uency
1980–83: Cabinet Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
1985–94: General Secretary of Telugu Desam Party
since 1989: Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative *embly, Kuppam cons*uency
1994–95: Finance and Revenue Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
1999–2004: Convener Of National Democratic Alliance
1995–2004: Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
1995–2014: President of Telugu Desam Party
2004–2014: Leader of Opposition of United Andhra Pradesh
since 2014: National President of Telugu Desam Party
2014–19: 1st Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
2014–18: Convener Of National Democratic Alliance
since 2019: 2nd Leader of Opposition of Andhra Pradesh

Nara Chandrababu Naidu (born 20 April 1950), also known as Chandrababu Naidu or CBN, is an Indian politician and the current leader of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative *embly. He also served as Chief Minister from 1995 to 2004 and as opposition leader from 2004 to 2014 of Andhra Pradesh. He has been the president of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) since 1995.

Naidu's political career began in the 1970s with the Indian National Congress (INC). In 1978, he was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative *embly, and from 1980 to 1982, he served as a minister in the state cabinet. Afterwards, he switched party allegiance and joined TDP, which had been founded by Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, his father-in-law, whom he initially opposed. He gained the confidence of Rao, especially after helping thwart an INC attempt to oust Rao from his post as chief minister in 1984, becoming the party's general secretary. Naidu served as a TDP Member of the Legislative *embly (MLA) from 1989 to 1995, during which period he became a high-profile opposition leader. In 1995, he became the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh after an intra-party coup against the leadership of Rao.

During his two terms as Chief Minister, Naidu's public image was that of an economic reformer and proponent of information technology-based economic growth. His policies brought modernisation and investments particularly to Hyderabad, where he directed the founding of HITEC City. He also had a role in national politics, first as the convener of the United Front in 1996. He supported the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) after the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, in which TDP won 29 seats, enhancing Naidu's reputation as a nationally prominent politician. His ministership was faulted as lacking policies that advance the agricultural sector, and he went out of office in 2004, defeated by a coalition of INC and the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), which had emerged as an ofshoot of TDP. In 2014, after having been the leader of opposition during the whole intervening period, Naidu returned to the position of Chief Minister, winning in the now-residuary (due to bifurcation) Andhra Pradesh.

During his last term, in 2015, he was involved in a cash-for-vote scam, which implicated him in offering bribes to a nominated MLA for his vote in the 2015 elections of the Telangana Legislative Council. In 2018, the TDP formed an alliance with INC for the Telangana elections, but failed to defeat the TRS. This unsuccessful experiment, followed by a split for the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative *embly election led to an erosion of Naidu's public image, contributing to a major electoral set back, with TDP winning only 23 out of 175 seats—the worst defeat in the party's history. In 2023, Naidu was arrested by the Crime Investigation Department (CID) police of Andhra Pradesh in an alleged multi-crore scam related to Skill Development Corporation under his tenure, and was subsequently released from jail.

Early life and education

Naidu was born on 20 April 1950 at Naravaripalle, Tirupati district in present-day Andhra Pradesh in an agricultural family to Nara Kharjura Naidu and his wife Amanamma. He has a younger brother Nara Ramamurthy Naidu and two younger sisters. Naidu has vitiligo, an autoimmune disease that causes white patches on the skin.

Since his village had no school, Naidu attended primary school in Seshapuram up to cl* five and the Chandragiri Government High School up to cl* 10. He completed his B.A. degree in 1972 from Sri Venkateswara Arts College, Tirupati. Later, he got his master's degree in economics from Sri Venkateswara University. In 1974, under the guidance of professor Dr. D. L. Narayana he started work on his Ph.D. on the topic of Economic ideas of Professor N. G. Ranga, but did not complete his Ph.D.

Political career

Indian National Congress

Main article: Indian National Congress

Naidu started his political activities as a student union leader in Sri Venkateswara University while pursuing his master's degree. In 1975, he joined Indian Youth Congress and became the president of its local chapter in Pulicherla. After the emergency was imposed on the country in 1975, he became a supporter of Sanjay Gandhi.

With the help of N. G. Ranga, Naidu secured a candidacy from the Congress party, under its 20% quota for the youth, and became a member of the Legislative *embly (MLA) for the Chandragiri cons*uency in the 1978 *embly elections. He initially served as a director of Andhra Pradesh Small Scale Industries Development Corporation. Later, he was appointed as a minister in T. Anjaiah's government. Between 1980 and 1983, Naidu held various portfolios, including archives, cinematography, technical education, and minor irrigation in the state government. He became the youngest MLA at the age of 28 and a minister at the age of 30 in Andhra Pradesh at that time.

As the cinematography minister, Naidu came in contact with N. T. Rama Rao, a popular film star in Telugu cinema. In September 1981, he married Bhuvaneswari, Rao's second daughter.

Telugu Desam Party

Main article: Telugu Desam Party

In 1982, N. T. Rama Rao, also known as NTR, formed the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and swept the Andhra Pradesh *embly polls held in 1983. Chandrababu Naidu, who was his son-in-law, remained in the Congress Party and even dared to contest against his father-in-law. Naidu, however, was defeated by a TDP candidate in the elections from Chandragiri *embly cons*uency. Soon after, he joined the Telugu Desam Party. Initially, Naidu involved himself in the party work, organising training camps and computerising membership records. He played an active role during the 1984 August crisis in the government triggered by Nadendla Bhaskara Rao's coup. NTR appointed Naidu as general secretary of the TDP in 1986.

Legislative career (1989–1995)

In the 1989 *embly election, Naidu contested from Kuppam cons*uency as a TDP candidate and won by 5,000 votes. INC, however, had regained power in the election, so Naidu had to sit in the opposition. Rama Rao appointed him as a coordinator of the TDP, in which capacity he handled the party's role of the main opposition in the *embly which won him wide appreciation from both the party and the public. His role during this phase, both inside the Legislative *embly and outside, was a critical factor for the subsequent success of the party.

Naidu won the 1994 elections from Kuppam cons*uency. He became the Finance and Revenue Minister in N. T. Rama Rao's ministry.

First term as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1995–1999)

Main article: Chief Ministership of Nara Chandrababu Naidu

On 1 September 1995, Naidu, at the age of 45, was sworn in as the Chief Minister following a successful coup against the leadership of N.T. Rama Rao. The internal rebellion was triggered by the controversial role of Lakshmi Parvathi, NTR's second wife, in the party and the government. Naidu was able to secure the support of the majority of the legislators. Naidu however, already in the saddle, firmly entrenched himself as the leader of the TDP and as Chief Minister. Naidu has carried TDP as NTR legacy and made it stronger.

Second term as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1999–2004)

Naidu speaking with workers in a textile factory

In the 1999 state legislature elections, Chandrababu Naidu led his party to victory, securing 180 out of 294 seats in the state *embly. Additionally, the TDP won 29 out of 42 seats in the Parliament elections.The TDP's tally in the Lok Sabha made it not only the biggest of the BJP's allies, but also the fourth largest party in the Lok Sabha.These elections marked a critical juncture for Naidu, as they served as a significant test of his legitimacy both as the Chief Minister of the state and as the President of the TDP. Upon his return to power, the media hailed him as the first economic reformer to secure a strong electoral mandate.

**ination attempt

On 1 October 2003, Naidu survived a landmine blast by the People's War Group (PWG) near Alipiri tollgate in Tirupati. The Chief Minister's convoy was attacked on his way to Tirumala to participate in the annual ritual of Brahmotsavam of Lord Venkateswara atop the seven hills. A total of 17 Claymore mines were planted, of which 9 exploded. Naidu was the first Chief Minister in the country to have been targeted by the ultra-left-wing Naxalites for **ination. Naidu's escape with minor injuries was considered miraculous given the severity of the blast. The PWG claimed it attacked him for being a "World Bank agent."

Role in National Politics

Chandrababu Naidu's involvement in national politics during this period (1996-2004) dominated by non-Congress coalition politics in Delhi is notable. In the aftermath of the 1996 parliamentary elections, he *umed the role of convenor for the United Front, a coalition comprising 13 political parties that secured power at the centre. The coalition government was headed by H.D. Deve Gowda and later I.K. Gujral between 1996 and 1998. The United Front had its headquarters at Andhra Pradesh Bhavan in New Delhi.

Subsequently, Chandrababu Naidu's significance in national affairs got amplified after the 1999 Lok Sabha elections.The TDP and the BJP, which had a pre-poll understanding in the state, together won 36 MPs out of 42. The BJP emerged as the largest single party in the Lok Sabha. The TDP extended the support of 29 of its MPs to the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government headed by A.B.Vajpayee. TDP did not join the government, extending only ‘issue-based support’. Naidu claimed that though Vajpayee had offered eight cabinet berths to his party, the TDP stayed away from the union cabinet and offered external support to the NDA government.

Leader of the Opposition (2004–2014)

Naidu, soon after the **ination attempt on him, dissolved the state *embly. Elections to the state were held along with the parliamentary polls in April 2004. The TDP government faced anti-in*bency fuelled by high power tariffs and the absence of support to the agricultural sector. Besides, the newly formed Congress(I)-TRS alliance posed a major challenge to the TDP popularity in Telangana. The Telugu Desam Party was defeated in both the state and Lok Sabha elections. The Congress Party won 185 seats while the TDP ended up with 47 seats in the *embly, the lowest in the party's electoral history. The TDP won only 5 seats out of 42 in Parliament. Naidu felt that the severe drought that gripped Andhra Pradesh the previous year as well as advancing the timing of the election were the major reasons for his ‘shock’ defeat.

In the 2009 *embly and parliamentary elections, Naidu faced another challenge as popular actor Chiranjeevi formed Praja Rajyam party and turned the election into a three-cornered contest. The TDP, which formed an alliance with TRS this time, once again lost to the in*bent Congress Party. The TDP secured 92 seats in the *embly, whereas the Congress got 156 seats, a thin majority in the *embly. Chiranjeevi's Praja Rajyam won in 18 seats. Naidu blamed Chiranjeevi's entry into the political arena for his party's debacle.

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (2014–2019)

After the bifurcation, elections were held in 2014 in the newly formed states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Naidu formed an alliance again with the BJP and Jana Sena Party and returned to power in the bifurcated, residual Andhra Pradesh state, winning 102 seats out of 175 seats. The TDP also won 16 Lok Sabha seats. Naidu took oath as the first Chief Minister of the residuary state of Andhra Pradesh at Mangalagiri on the grounds of Acharya Nagarjuna University near Guntur. His party joined the NDA government at the centre and held two portfolios in the union cabinet. Two cabinet berths in the state were allocated to the BJP.

The Chief Minister faced a host of challenges in the new state. The newly born state of Andhra Pradesh was left without a capital city and was deprived of a major economic hub. Naidu took up the construction of a new capital city, named Amaravati, on the southern side of river Krishna near Vijayawada. During Naidu's term, the state achieved top ranking in the World Bank's Ease of Business rankings in the country since 2015. The state attracted mega companies like Kia Motors, Isuzu Motors, Pepsi, Mondelez and Foxconn.

2015 cash-for-vote scam

Main article: 2015 cash-for-votes scam

Naidu's name figured in the cash-for-vote scandal which pertains to the alleged role of the TDP to buy votes in the 2015 Telangana Legislative Council elections. It started off when the TDP leaders of Telangana state were caught on video footage, aired in the media, allegedly offering bribes to a nominated MLA, Elvis Stephenson, for his vote in the 2015 Council elections. Telangana Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) claimed that it was in possession of a recorded telephonic conversation that purportedly took place between Elvis Stephenson and TDP president N Chandrababu Naidu, who was the then Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister. Both the TRS (now BRS) and YSR Congress Party demanded that Naidu should be named in the case. However, the ACB and later the Enforcement Directorate (ED), in their charge sheets, did not name Naidu as an accused in the case, as they did not find evidence to prove that the money was sent to Stevenson at the behest of Naidu.

Special status dispute and break with BJP

Further information: Andhra Pradesh special status protests

In March 2018, the TDP withdrew its two ministers from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government over the issue of Andhra special category status (SCS). The SCS had been promised by the previous Congress government on the floor of the Parliament during the p*age of the AP Reorganisation Bill. Subsequently, Naidu announced the TDP's departure from the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) due to the "injustice" inflicted upon Andhra Pradesh by the denial of SCS.

In 2016, Naidu had previously agreed to the announcement made by the then Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley regarding a financial package for Andhra Pradesh instead of granting it special status. In this backdrop, the decision of the ruling TDP to withdraw from the NDA was perceived as a political response to the mounting criticism from the Opposition regarding the non-fulfilment of the special category status. Naidu further criticised the central government on the issue by staging a hunger strike, known as 'Dharma Porata Deeksha' (a day-long 'protest for justice'), in Delhi. This event marked a significant deterioration in the relationship between the TDP and the BJP.

Alliance with the Congress Party

In an unexpected turn of events, the TDP forged an alliance with the Congress Party for the 2018 Telangana *embly elections. The alliance, consisting of the Congress, the TDP, and the Communist Party of India (CPI), formed the "Maha Kootami" (grand alliance) with the primary objective of defeating the TRS (now BRS) in the elections. This marked the first time that the TDP, which had been founded on an anti-Congress platform in 1982, joined hands with the Congress party. During this period, Naidu was advocating for a non-BJP coalition comprising regional parties with the support of Congress to make a significant impact in the upcoming parliamentary elections. This experiment faced a failure in the Telangana elections with K.Chandrashekar Rao's TRS winning by a big margin. As a result, the TDP and the Congress subsequently parted ways for the 2019 Andhra Pradesh *embly elections. The alliance with the Congress and its aftermath left a bitter outcome for Naidu, leading to a considerable erosion of his credibility due to the perceived flip-flop in alliances.

2019 elections

In the 2019 *embly and parliamentary elections, the ruling TDP was decisively defeated by the YSR Congress Party led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy. The YSRCP achieved a landslide victory by securing 151 seats in the *embly out of 175, while the TDP could manage 23 seats. In the Lok Sabha, the TDP won three seats, while the YSRCP secured the remaining 22 seats. Naidu is currently preparing for the upcoming elections in 2024, possibly in alliance with Pawan Kalyan's Jana Sena party. There has been speculation suggesting that Naidu is also attempting to regain the confidence of the BJP.

Corruption allegations and arrest

On 9 September 2023, Naidu was arrested by the Andhra Pradesh Crime Investigation Department (AP-CID), accused of misappropriation of public funds amounting to 371 crore INR. He was listed as accused number 37 in the case. On 10 September 2023, he appeared at the ACB court and the court remanded him in custody for 14 days, for which he was moved to the Central Jail in Rajamahendravaram. After being in judicial custody for 52 days, he was released on bail on 31 October 2023.

Business career

Heritage Foods Limited (HFL), a dairy enterprise, was incorporated by Naidu in 1992. The company went public in 1994. The annual turnover of Heritage Foods stood at INR 26,429 million in the financial year 2021–22. Currently, Nara Bhuvaneswari, Naidu's wife, holds the position of vice-chairperson & managing director, while Nara Brahmani, Naidu's daughter-in-law, serves as the executive director. Heritage has hundreds of outlets throughout Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and a significant presence across many states in the country. Heritage has also a renewable energy vertical which runs captive solar & wind power plants at 11 different locations. HFL comprises a solid portion of Naidu's current *ets.

Non-political initiatives

Global Forum for Sustainable Transformation

Chandrababu Naidu serves as the chairman and director of the Global Forum for Sustainable Transformation (GFST), an organisation he established in March 2020 in Hyderabad. It is positioned as a global not-for-profit and apolitical think tank, with the aim of promoting sustainability in economies and communities. In June 2023, GFST hosted a seminar on 'Deep Technologies' in Hyderabad. Among its projects is the development of Vision India@2047, aligning with India's 100th year of Independence. Naidu unveiled a vision do*ent *led India@2047, aut*d by GFST, on 15 August 2023, in Visakhapatnam.

NTR Trust

The NTR Memorial Trust was founded in 1997 by Chandrababu Naidu as a non-profit organisation. The Trust is involved in a variety of activities including initiatives like providing free education, offering blood transfusion facilities, conducting health camps, and supporting empowerment and livelihood programs. The Trust manages a blood bank and Thal*emia center in Hyderabad, as well as blood banks in Visakhapatnam and Tirupati. Additionally, it operates schools in Hyderabad and Challapalli (Krishna district), along with NTR Junior & Degree College for Women in Hyderabad. The Trust's day-to-day operations are overseen by Naidu's wife, Nara Bhuvaneswari, who serves as the managing trustee.

Bill Gates with Chandrababu Naidu in Visakhapatnam

Criticism

Naidu faced severe criticism from various quarters for his policies. Both the Congress and left parties vehemently opposed his privatisation initiatives, labelling him as a symbol of World Bank policies. The power sector reforms implemented by him encountered strong resistance throughout the state. Naidu attracted criticism for allegedly prioritising information technology over the agriculture sector, which was a vital source of livelihood for a significant portion of the state's workforce. While the corporate industry hailed him as the "CEO of Andhra Pradesh Inc.," a substantial portion of the state's population perceived him as "anti-poor", which reflected in the loss of the 2004 elections. Amaravati, the new capital city that he set out to build in his latest term, ran into rough weather over various controversies.

Public image

Chandrababu Naidu was one of the most recognised Chief Ministers in the country during his nine-and-a-half-year tenure from 1995 to 2004. He was a strong supporter of liberalisation policies at the state level. The western media hailed him as "one of the most promising local leaders not just in India but in the developing world." Andhra Pradesh was the first state in India to receive a direct World Bank loan for economic restructuring. Naidu was a regular participant at World Economic Forum meetings in Davos, Switzerland.

He is credited with commissioning HITEC City, and Genome Valley in 1998 by the erstwhile combined Government of Andhra Pradesh, adjoining Cyberabad to the west of Hyderabad, propelling the information technology industry and enhancing modern infrastructure in Hyderabad, including the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport and the Indian School of Business (ISB). Naidu's meetings with Bill Gates, the chairman of Microsoft, in New Delhi in 1997, followed by Gates' visit to Hyderabad in 2002, and the visit of US President Bill Clinton in 2000, played a significant role in enhancing his reputation.

During his third term between 2014 and 2019, Naidu took up the ambitious project of building a capital city Amaravati for the bifurcated state. Andhra Pradesh also became the number one state in Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Rankings during this period.

Awards

Naidu has won a number of awards, including IT Indian of the Millennium from India Today, Business Person of the Year by The Economic Times, South Asian of the Year from Time Asia, Golden Pea* Award for leadership in Public Service & Economic Transformation, and membership in the World Economic Forum's Dream Cabinet. Naidu chaired the National IT Panel under the National Democratic Alliance (India) (NDA) government and was described as one of the "hidden seven" working wonders of the world by Profit (Oracle Corporation's monthly magazine). Naidu was offered an honorary professorship by US business school, the Kellogg School of Management in 2000. He was the Chairman of National Task Force on Micro-irrigation from Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture in 2003. He was the head of 13-member Committee of Chief Ministers to promote digital payment systems and financial inclusion in India which was cons*uted by federal government in 2016.

The then Governor of Illinois, Jim Edgar, created a Naidu day on 24 September 1998 in his honour.
Voted IT Indian of the Millennium in a poll by India Today and 20:20 Media.
He was named South Asian of the Year in 1999 by Time magazine, US
In 2001, he was described as one of the hidden "Seven working wonders around the world", by Profit, a monthly magazine published by Oracle Corporation, US.
Business Person of the Year by Economic Times.
Golden Pea* Award for Leadership in Public Service & Economic Transformation - 2017
Global Agriculture Policy Leadership Award by Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (ICFA).
The Pune-based organisation, Bharatiya Chatra Sansad, in partnership with MIT School of Governance, honoured him with Aadarsh Mukhyamantri Puraskar (Model CM Award) in its 6th annual session on 30 January 2016.
Transformative Chief Minister Award in May 2017 by US-India Business Council (USIBC) at West Coast Summit in the Silicon Valley.

In popular culture

Portrayed by Rana Daggubati in NTR:Kathanayakudu(2019) and it's sequel NTR:Mahanayakudu(2020).
Potrayed by Sritej in the 2019 RGV's film Lakshmi's NTR.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Bhushan, K.; Katyal, G. (2002). A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India. APH Publishing. ISBN:978-81-7648-380-3. OCLC:51264431.
Inagati, Lavanya (1 January 2019). Nirantar Pragathi Ke Path Par… Chandrababu Naidu (in Hindi). Geeta Prakashan.
Ninan, Sevanti; Naidu, Nara Chandrababu (2012). Manasulo Maata (in Telugu). Translated by Reddy, D. Chandrasekhar. Emesco Books.
Pagadala, Tejaswini (2018). India's glocal leader:: Chandrababu Naidu. New Delhi: Bloomsbury. ISBN:978-93-87146-58-7. OCLC:1022760978.
Perera, Nihal; Tang, Wing-shing (2013). Hyderabad Chandrababu Naidu CDA- Transforming Asian Cities: Intellectual Imp*e, Asianizing Space, and Emerging Translocalities. Routledge. ISBN:978-0-415-50738-7. OCLC:795457627.
Sree Ramulu, N.; Morusu, Siva Sankar (17 June 2019). Economy Management In Navya Andhra Pradesh: New Modern Economy Management in Andhra Pradesh: A Case Study of Sri Honorable Chief Minister N Chandra Babu Naidu. LAP LAMBERT Academic. ISBN:978-3659660146. OCLC:1189916213.

External links

N. Chandrababu Naidu on Twitter

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